Minimum wage Essays (1232 words) - Employment Compensation

The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions detailed that around 310,000 low paid representatives will get higher wages subsequent to setting the lowest pay permitted by law. It is accepted that the lowest pay permitted by law will carry more riches to low salary families and restricted the riches hole. Thus, the lowest pay permitted by law was set at $28 every hour as the new pay mandate on first May, 2011. This law applies to the market power, including the crippled. Be that as it may, it isn't pertinent to live-in residential laborers, work-experience assistants and understudy assistants. Regardless of the above actuality that lowest pay permitted by law has carry a few advantages to the workers, we accept that individuals neglect to see the entire picture. The execution of the lowest pay permitted by law in Hong Kong has posted a danger on various organizations, including organizations? experiencing substantial monetary weight, the decrease of government assistance and the injustice to the old representatives. Right off the bat, the organizations may experience the ill effects of overwhelming monetary weight because of the ascent in working expenses and decrease in their benefits, which lead to the easing back down of their arrangements of extending business and even aftereffect of being compelled to shut down. The lowest pay permitted by law would unquestionably influence some business, for example, the providing food industry. Take KFC for instance, KFC is one of the organizations battling with the significant expenses after the execution of the lowest pay permitted by law. Two years prior, KFC paid its staff just HK$16 every hour. Afterward, the pay pace of staff was expanded over 30%, which is HK$21 every hour. As the lowest pay permitted by law is set to HK$28, the rate increment in wage rate is 33.3%. Accordingly, it is hard for KFC to maintain its business as a result of its significant expenses. The expansion in working expenses likewise occurred in the property the board organizat ions. From an article of the Standard, the leader of the Hong Kong Association of Property Management organizations, Edmond Cheng Kam-wah said that it is normal that the lowest pay permitted by law will cause the expansion in working expenses of neighborhood property the board organizations by 3-4%. In the event that the lowest pay permitted by law is set at a level which a few bosses can?t manage, they may need to move their organizations to the terrain China. This will antagonistically influence the economy of Hong Kong. In this manner, there is a need to find some kind of harmony among businesses and workers however not the lowest pay permitted by law. Also, numerous different organizations have been confronting the expansion in costs after the lowest pay permitted by law is propelled. A review, led in June 2011 by the Hong Kong Institute of Human Resource Management, revealed the cost alteration in different organizations. 117 organizations from 17 distinct ventures are addresse d while 115 organizations have reacted to the meetings. Results have demonstrated that 9% of the organizations showed over 10% expansion in generally staff costs, including pay rates, rewards, stipends and advantages, 21% of the organizations showed 2% - 9.9% expansion in costs while 70% of the organizations showed under 2% increment in costs. It appears that lowest pay permitted by law have posted an incredible effect on the different organizations as staff costs have expanded much under the lowest pay permitted by law. Also, so as to counter the effect of the lowest pay permitted by law, managers may evacuate dinner breaks and even lessen traditional government assistance practices of the representatives. This impact infers to various organizations, for example, those in the lodging business. As indicated by a review done by the Catering and Hotels Industries Employees' General Union in June 2012, 246 room chaperons from around 30 lodgings reacted to the meeting. Results have indicated that 70% of respondents neglect to get clinical protection while the greater part of the respondents neglect to get paid yearly leave. In addition, numerous individuals may feel that increasing higher compensation rate after the legal the lowest pay permitted by law was set prompts an expansion in salary. This may likewise permit residents to have higher expectations for everyday comforts. In any case, a study led by the Oxfam demonstrates that lowest pay permitted by law causes another outcome. The overview has demo nstrated that 19.6% of low-pay laborers revealed a decrease in their individual pay while 27.4% of them detailed a decrease in family pay. This is brought about by the way that businesses are diminishing compensation bundles by cutting paid rest days and paid dinner breaks. So as to cut the

Crime and Its Relation to Poverty

Haime Hurrissa 04th †03 †13 Dr. Lydia Balderamos Loskot English Composition (ENGL 101) Does Poverty have an immediate relationship to wrongdoing? Neediness is characterized by the Webster word reference as â€Å"the condition of one who comes up short on a standard or socially worthy measure of cash or material possessions†. Neediness is the main driver for spikes in crimes in Belize, because of wrongdoing, absence of instruction and medications. Many contend that neediness doesn't have a relationship to wrongdoing in light of the fact that there are nations where destitution levels are high yet wrongdoing is generally low.Belize has been pervaded with a flare-up of wrongdoing and viciousness influencing the nation by bringing dread into the two sightseers and us Belizean by and by; it had all the earmarks of being at its pinnacle a year ago. The explanation behind the pervasion of the crooks are numerous yet the head and generally apparent of all future the expandin g pace of neediness that Belize has been encountering, notwithstanding this would be the high pace of joblessness that exists in our general public achieved by absence of instruction. This makes a few people see no different way to endurance yet to depend on their last other option, crime.Some may contend that the reason for wrongdoing is because of brain research of lawbreakers, their psychological state or medications. Wrongdoing in its most straightforward term is characterizes as any demonstration that challenges protected law and is isolated into two primary classes: a minor offense which as alluded to as misdeeds and genuine acts which as alluded to as lawful offenses. A wrongdoing can go from basic offenses, for example, open drinking to kill which is viewed as one of the most genuine of violations which asserted one hundred and twelve (112) lives in 2011 as indicated by the yearly police discharge insights report.It is imperative to take note of that not all wrongdoing is id entified with destitution, despite the fact that there are numerous who consider wrongdoing to be a methods for endurance. There are other people who enjoy criminal acts essentially for no particular reason and pleasere, for example, individuals from shading packs, for the most part Crips spoke to by the shading blue and Bloods spoke to by the shading red, which depend on American shading posses. These groups decide to carry on with an existence of wrongdoing and brutality for individual joy. Shockingly youthful Belizeans, basically, young people represent most f the criminal demonstrations that happen in Belize. The essential explanation that ought to be mulled over is poor home conditions and absence of training, which has a significant influence in the reason for youthful hoodlums in light of the fact that huge numbers of these youngsters for the most part, originate from homes where assets are constrained and their folks may take next to zero obligation regarding them. A large n umber of them then again are dropouts or the individuals who can't manage the cost of the expense of training, which brings about them finding unconstructive activities with their time. Inert time is the fallen angels playground† and â€Å"idle hands are the fiends workshop†, are the two expressions I heard ordinarily by my seniors while growing up, and are words which I accept to be exceptionally evident, particularly on account of those confronting neediness. They are the ones confronting the cool heart of today’s society and so as to endure they resort to violations and savagery as an intend to endure. An occupation can appear to be perhaps the hardest thing to discover and in any event, when a vocation is discovered the compensation isn't constantly economical, particularly for those without legitimate instruction for instance an elementary school degree specialist wins the lowest pay permitted by law in Belize which is minimal over 3. 0 Bz$ every hour. The e mployments of both lawful and illicit medications regularly add to wrongdoing and at last neediness. In Belize where the legitimate age for drinking liquor and smoking tobacco is eighteen, there are numerous who enjoy these exercises from an a lot more youthful age because of absence of usage of stores who offer these medications to underage individuals. Medications influence the mental part of an individual and on account of specific medications the way how an individual thinks. In the course of recent years, by and by I saw firsthand underage person who because of inebriation from medications and liquor, carry out genuine violations, for example, burglary and endeavored murder.People influenced by destitution frequently resort to the utilization of medications, for example, liquor, tobacco and weed which are the most open of all medications in Belize. I posed the inquiry; for what reason do you drink liquor and smoke cigarettes unnecessarily, to a man I realize who faces neediness every day from my town, he addressed that life for him is incredibly hard and be he utilizes those medications as an approach to adapt to his day by day battles. Medications are substances that cause youngsters to get reinforced, and that bond in many cases cause them to take the necessary steps, which now and again are crimes to gracefully themselves with the medications they desire.Getting out of destitution should then be centered around the perspectives that not just arrangement with the economy and landing individuals positions, yet the underlying drivers of wrongdoing in our nation which are primarily; drugs, absence of training and wrongdoing. Penitentiaries ought to be centered around and the restoration procedure ought to be modified to make a progressively positive individual by furnishing them with instruction and exchange aptitudes before setting them once more into society, instead of our current framework we have set up which simply makes them serve their time and aft erward discharge them into similar circumstances which got them there in any case and causes a ceaseless cycle.With that said the root factors that add to this overwhelming issue in the public eye ought to be improved so that our present as well as our people in the future have a more promising time to come. Refrence Webster, Merriam. â€Å"Poverty† â€Å"Crime† Web. 1 Mar. 2013. <http://www. merriam-webster. com/word reference/destitution/crime> Centaur Cable Network, CTV3 Belize News. â€Å"2011 Crime Statistics. † Web. 1 Mar. 2013. <http://www. ctv3belizenews. com/highlighted news/1121-2011-wrongdoing insights discharged by-belize-police-departmen. html>

How Sleep Helps the Brain Clean Itself

How Sleep Helps the Brain Clean Itself Sleep and Dreaming Print Sleeping Helps to Clean the Brain By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on October 30, 2019 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on January 04, 2020 Westend61 / Getty Images More in Psychology Sleep and Dreaming Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions The exact reason why we sleep has long been one of the greatest mysteries of modern science. Many different theories have been proposed, but the fact is that no one is entirely sure why we spend roughly a third of our lives asleep. There has been a great deal of research showing how sleep helps consolidate memories and repair the body, yet many scientists believe that these actions do not fully explain the underlying purpose of sleep, particularly from an evolutionary standpoint. Spending so much of our lives asleep and vulnerable opens us up to great danger, so many experts believe there must be a more compelling reason why we sleep. One of the top theories of sleep suggests that slumber is necessary to allow the brain to clean up and reboot from the previous day’s activities. Research in mice supports this theory. A study published in a 2013 issue of the journal Science revealed that sleep gives the brain a chance to clean itself. The study itself involved looking at the flow of fluids in the brains of mice in awake and sleep states. The researchers focused in particular on how fluids flow within the lymphatic system or the spaces between neurons. This is something like a waste disposal system, clearing out the waste products that brain cells generate when performing normal tasks. Fluid Flow Increases in Sleeping Brains However, transporting these waste materials requires a great deal of energy, and the researchers hypothesized that the brain would not be able to support these cleaning functions and process sensory information at the same time. To test this idea, the studys lead author, Lulu Xie, spent two years training mice to fall asleep on a type of microscope that would allow the researchers to observe dye moving through living tissue. After EEG activity confirmed that the mice were really asleep, a green dye was injected into their cerebrospinal fluid. A half-hour later the mice were awakened and a red dye was then injected. Through this process, the researchers were able to watch the movements of the green and red dye through the brain. What they observed was that while large amounts of cerebrospinal fluid flowed through the brain during sleep, the very little movement was observed while awake. Spaces Between Brain Cells Become Larger During Sleep So why was there such greater fluid flow during the sleeping states as opposed to the awake states? The researchers also observed that the interstitial spaces between brain cells became much larger during sleep, allowing fluid to flow more freely. These channels increased by approximately 60% during sleep. The researchers also found when certain proteins were injected into the mice, the proteins were cleared away much more quickly during sleep.   Possible Implications “These findings have significant implications for treating ‘dirty brain’ disease like Alzheimer’s,” said Maiken Nedergaard, one of the study’s authors.  â€œUnderstanding precisely how and when the brain activates the glymphatic system and clears waste is a critical first step in efforts to potentially modulate this system and make it work more efficiently.” Scientists have long known that certain neurological conditions such as dementia, Alzheimers, and stroke are all associated with sleep disturbances. According to Nedergaard, these results might suggest that lack of sleep could play a causal role in such conditions. Now that the researchers have identified this brain-cleaning process, their hope is that it will lead to further research on how the process works and the possible role it might play in neurological conditions such as Alzheimers disease. The study also once again underscores the importance of sleep. This could open a lot of debate for shift workers, who work during the nighttime,” Nedergaard told Science. You probably develop damage if you don’t get your sleep.

The Importance Of A Project Management System - 2950 Words

Executive Summary The following report is aimed at exploring the importance of a project management system and its role in determining the final outcome of a project. The report will allow the reader to understand the reasons that attribute to the success and also the failure of a project. Most projects are considered a failure although the final objective is accomplished as they are not able to adhere to the fundamental factors of cost, quality and time. The reasons for this are highlighted in the report and the author provides some tools and techniques that can be used in project management to facilitate project success. Some of the limitations of this research are discussed and the author provides recommendations that can be used to add†¦show more content†¦The research includes an in-depth analysis of Work Breakdown Structure, Critical Path Analysis and Systems thinking as the tools to be used with the project management system. 2.0 Scope of Literature Review This report was compiled through the study of peer reviewed articles from the following databases and journals dated 2007 and after. Databases: Elsevier ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Taylor Francis, DOAJ Directory Journals: International Journal of Project Management International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making IEEE Software Applied Mathematical Modelling International Journal of Production Research Chemical Engineering Decision Support Systems Tooling and Production Journal of Software Communications of the IBIMA Automation in Construction Evaluation and Program Planning Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology 3.0 Project Management In the current world of strategic competitiveness, organizations have begun using Project Management as a tool or method to increase productivity. Managers are being encouraged to use Project Management systems over the traditional functional management systems due to its effectiveness and the achievement of multiple benefits (Mir and Pinnington 2014, 202). According to Attarzadeh and Ow (2008, 234), project management

Course Article - 8941 Words

Parting at the Crossroads: The Development of Health Insurance in Canada and the United States, 1940-1965 Author(s): Antonia Maioni Source: Comparative Politics, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Jul., 1997), pp. 411-431 Published by: Ph.D. Program in Political Science of the City University of New York Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/422012 . Accessed: 12/10/2013 14:05 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to†¦show more content†¦I argue that the federal structureand parliamentary institutionsof the Canadianpolitical system encouragedthe formationof a social democraticthirdpartyand enhancedits efficacy in promotinghealthpolicy reform. The institutionalconstraintsof the Americanpolitical system, in contrast,impeded and the emergenceand consolidationof this type of policy entrepreneur forced the proponentsof health reformto restraintheir strategiesin orderto appeal to a wider coalition within the Democratic party.8The research methodology used in this article is based on comparativehistorical analysis, which involves examining the historical evidence for causal regularities and evaluating different explanatory factors that can account for divergent paths to social reform.9Here, I trace the postwar development of health reform in Canada and the United States, on concentrating the quarter centurybetween 1940 and 1965 when the two countries parted in their approachtoward health reform. The significant difference, as the historical evidence suggests, is the presence of a social democraticthird party in Canada able to influence the trajectory of health reform that resulted in the implementationof public, universalhealth insurance. Institutions, Parties, and Health Reform Institutional arrangementshave been identified as among the most important constraintsstill faced by health reformersin the United States. oStill, the linkagesShow MoreRelatedWell Educated Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesNarrative Essay 1 - Well Educated Eng. 101 Liberty Online Professor Well Educated We all more than likely know someone who would fit the common catch phrase of being very well educated but having absolutely no common sense .Alfie Kohn’s article â€Å"What does it mean to be well educated?† elaborated on this topic wonderfully. Moreover, Kohn added, familiarity with lists of words, names, books and ideas is a poor way of judging whether one is well-educated. (Kohn, 2003, p. 3) I would definitelyRead MoreMy Final Grades From The Past Two Semesters1326 Words   |  6 PagesIn theory, I figured this decision alone would work in my favor over the course of the semester. But, once again, I encountered an obstacle that was like my chemistry lab, except it was even worse. I was taking an English class that involved the works of Tolkien (i.e. The Lord of the Rings trilogy). Not only did this class include an extensive amount of reading from the books alone. It also required us to read external articles almost every other week and write a three page paper ab out each one. 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However, non scholarly articles, such as this one, must be taken with a grain of salt as more often than not, popular sources like these can have an agenda of their own, or perhaps the writer was bias regarding the subject. An alternative type of article that talks about the same issue but is less bias and more education was the next logical step in the source analyzing process. Christopher Kinsey wrote an incredibly informative article on the fundamentals of Private Military andRead MoreIndividual Assignment1771 Words   |  8 Pagesprofitability, to be capable to remedy it does possess problems. The first journal article based on the topic is Organisation Development and Strategic Intervention for Enterprise Sustainabi lity: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria. Author of this article is Khairuddin Idris (Ph.D). The second article is Understanding Large Group Intervention Processes: A complexity theory perspective by the author Michael J. Arena, PhD. 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Mediatory Argument Free Essays

When it comes to finding common ground on important issues, few polarize people as much as immigration questions and difficulties. There are plenty of varying opinions on immigration, especially when one considers whether or not to grant United States citizenship to illegal immigrants. Some feel that illegal immigrants should be given a chance to earn their citizenship, since they are already in the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Mediatory Argument or any similar topic only for you Order Now Others feel that they are criminals who deserve nothing from the government of the United States. Finding a middle ground on that issue is difficult, but it is possible through mediation. When one takes the time to research the issue at hand, some interesting things come to light. The first thing that a person must understand is the definition of an illegal alien. An illegal alien, as the name suggests, is a person who comes to the United States illegally. In short, it is a person that enters the country through some means that is not approved by the immigration office of the United States. The punishment for such an offense is something that must also be considered by any person who is looking to do research. If an illegal alien is found out in the United States, then they are usually deported back to the country where they came from. In some cases, they are detained for a short time before being shipped back to their country. Research must also be done on the options for these people. Where do they come from and why do they come to the United States? As one might expect, the majority of illegal aliens come to the United States because they have nowhere else to go. These people do not have a future or a leg to stand on in their previous countries, so they make their way into America with an eye on making a new life for themselves or for their families. One side of this argument might also focus on the job status of these people, as well. Unfortunately for many Americans, some of the jobs have been occupied by illegal aliens. This is something worth considering if one hopes to find a middle ground between the two sides of this equation. There are certain middle grounds in this argument where people come together. Though folks might disagree on many things, one would be hard pressed to find anyone who believed that illegal aliens were worse off in the United States. In addition, most people on either side of the chart can admit that illegal aliens are just as likely to pass the citizenship requirements as those people who migrate to the United States legally. In addition to all of that, both sides can see some part of the American dream coming out in this situation. When America was being formed, it took on all comers as a place where anyone could come to explore and find great opportunities. Though that has changed some, it is still one of the American ideals that all residents of this country hold near and dear. As for disagreements, there are many in this case. The fundamental disagreement between the two sides is that people who think illegal immigrants should be given citizenship believe that the illegal alien laws are unfair. They believe that there needs to be widespread reform to accommodate for those people who make their way to the United States. Their basic argument is that it should not be illegal to come to America. Those on the other side would argue that the laws are in place to protect the country from being overrun by cheap labor and they are there to keep the economy in tact. In addition to all of that, the two sides disagree on the impact that illegal immigrants might have on the job market. Those who support the illegal immigrants feel that, ultimately, the increased productivity with these new workers will help stimulate the economy. Obviously, those on the other side feel that adding more low cost workers will make it difficult for people to demand competitive wagers in a competitive market. It is important to keep in mind the different viewpoints when trying to reach a common ground. In this case, the perspectives could not be any different on the issue. On one side, there are the illegal immigrants, who have escaped their previous life and made it to the land of opportunity. They see a new life sitting right in front of them for the taking and they see nothing wrong with that. Those who want these people gone are looking out for their best interests and they are somewhat fearful of what could happen is illegal immigrants were granted citizenship. Because neither party has had the chance to walk in the other party’s shoes, it makes things especially difficult. Illegal immigrants cannot understand why those people in the U.S. do not want to share their wealth. Those in the U.S. do not understand where the illegal immigrants have come from and why they might have made the decision to come. The common ground here is that everyone wants to work for the greater good of the human race. While it might seem like an idealistic or simplistic common ground, it is the basic premise that will have to drive the decision making. No good intentioned human being wants to see another human being suffer. That is where these people can come together. There are plenty of people in the United States who would want to see illegal immigrants exported that might have come from a rough background. They can certainly relate to the plight of these immigrants. The common ground is not a huge piece of dirt, but there is room for people to come together there for the great good of society. As far as a solution goes, there seems to be a place for one in this case. Though it might not fall right in the middle of what people are looking for, there is a way to come to something of a compromise. In order to give illegal immigrants the best chance to prove themselves and earn their way into the country, a probationary period must be adhered to before they are â€Å"full citizens†. In addition to that, they would have to complete all of the steps that normal immigrants have to go through, including the tests. This would benefit both sides, as it would not blindly throw people back into the hell that they used to inhabit, but it also would not open up the borders to anyone who wanted to come. Those people who made the choice to come to America would understand that it is going to take a long time to gain citizenship. In addition, this might even encourage people to go about immigration the right way, instead of having to sneak into the country. How to cite Mediatory Argument, Essay examples

Television Fundementals Essays - Television Technology,

Television Fundementals In this report on television I will discuss television signals, the components the make up a television, and how a television produces the picture and sound for the final output. The sound carrier is at the upper end of the spectrum. Frequency modulation is used to impress the sound on the carrier. The maximum frequency deviation is twenty-five kilohertz, considerably less than the deviation permitted by confessional FM stereo. As a result, a TV sound signal occupies less bandwidth in the spectrum than a standard FM broadcast station. Stereo sound is available in TV, and the multiplexing method used to transmit two channels of sound information is virtually identical to that used in stereo transmission for FM broadcasting. The picture information is transmitted on a separate carrier located 4.5 MHz lower in frequency than the sound carrier. The video signal derived from a camera is used to amplitude modulate the picture carrier. Different methods of modulation are used for both sound and picture information so that there is less interference between the picture and sound signals. The full upper sidebands of the picture information are transmitted, but only a portion of the lower sidebands is suppressed to conserve spectrum space. The color information in a picture is transmitted by way of frequency division multiplexing techniques. Two color signals derived from the camera are used to modulate a subcarrier that, in turn, modulates the picture carrier along with the main voice information. The color subcarriers use double-sideband-suppressed carrier AM. The video signal can contain frequency components up to 4.2 MHz. Therefore, if both sidebands were transmitted simultaneously, the picture signal would occupy 8.4 MHz. The vestigal sideband transmission reduces this excessive bandwidth. Because a TV signal occupies so much bandwidth, it must be transmitted in a very high frequency portion of the spectrum. TV signals are assigned to frequencies in the VHF and UHF range. United States TV stations use the frequencies between 54 and 806 MHz. This portion of the spectrum is divided into sixty-eight 6MHz channels that are assigned frequencies. Channels 2 through 7 occupy the frequency range from 54 to 88 MHz. Additional TV channels occupy the space between 470 and 806 MHz. The video signal is most often generated by a TV camera, a very sophisticated electronic device that incorporates lenses and light-sensitive tranducers to convert the scene or object to be viewed into an electrical signal that can be used to modulate a carrier. To do this, the scene to be transmitted is collected and focused by a lens upon a light-sensitive imaging device. Both vacume tube and semiconductor devices are used for converting the light information in the scene into an electrical signal. The scene is divided into smaller segments that can be transmitted serially over a period of time. It is the job of the camera to subdivide the scene in an orderly manner so that an acceptable signal is developed. This process is called scanning. Scanning is a technique that divides a rectangular scene up into individual lines. The standard TV scene dimensions have an aspect ratio of 4:3; that is, the scene width is four units for every 3 units of height. To create a picture, the scene is subdivided into many fine horizontal lines called scan lines. Each line represents a very narrow portion of light variations in the scene. The greater the number of scan lines, the higher the resolution and the greater the detail that can be observed. United States TV standards call for the scene to be divided into a maximum of 525 horizontal lines. The task of the TV camera is to convert the scene into an electrical signal. The camera accomplishes this by transmitting a voltage of 1 volt for black and 0 volts for white. The scene is divided into 15 scan lines numbered 0 through 14. The scene is focused on the light-sensitive area of a vidicon tube or CCD imaging device that scans the scene one line at time, transmitting the light variations along the lines as voltage levels. Where the white background is being scanned a 0 volt signal occurs. When a black picture element is encountered a 1 volt level is transmitted. The electrical signals derived from each scan line are refereed to as the video signal. They are transmitted serially one after the other until the entire scene has been sent. Since the scene contains colors, there are different levels of light along each scan line. This information is transmitted as different shades of gray between black and white.